Locations Treatments Careers Practice Sale About us Equipment Magazine

How to Treat and Prevent Exposed Tooth Necks: Expert Tips from Dental21

Content

What Are Exposed Tooth Necks?
Treatment Options
Home Remedies for Relief
Prevention
Frequently Asked Questions
Conclusion

What Are Exposed Tooth Necks?

Exposed tooth necks occur when the gum tissue that protects the teeth recedes, exposing the sensitive root areas. This can lead to increased sensitivity to hot, cold, sweet, or sour foods and drinks and a higher risk of cavities and other dental diseases. Common causes include periodontitis (gum disease), improper brushing techniques, genetic predisposition, and unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking and an unbalanced diet.

Treatment Options

Professional Dental Cleaning and Care

A thorough cleaning by the dental hygienists at Dental21 is the first step in treating exposed tooth necks. Our specialists help remove plaque and tartar that contribute to inflammation and further gum recession. In more severe cases, specialized periodontal surgeons offer advanced surgical procedures to rebuild the gum tissue and cover the exposed roots. These treatments are essential to maintain the long-term health of your gums and teeth and prevent further damage.

Tooth Sealing

Another treatment method available at the Dental21 clinics is sealing the exposed tooth necks. Our dentists apply a special sealing substance that protects the sensitive areas and reduces sensitivity. This provides quick protection against external stimuli and ensures greater comfort in daily life. Seals are particularly useful in protecting the teeth from further wear and preventing cavities in these sensitive areas.

Fillings and Reconstructions

In some cases, exposed tooth necks can be treated with fillings, performed by highly qualified dentists. Special filling material is used to cover and protect the sensitive areas, providing both functional and aesthetic benefits. These procedures are ideal for repairing damaged tooth areas and restoring tooth structure.

Home Remedies for Relief

Oil Pulling

Oil pulling is a traditional method where plant oils like coconut or sunflower seed oil are swished in the mouth. This is believed to help reduce bacteria and strengthen the gums. While there is no scientific evidence for the effectiveness of oil pulling in gum recession, some users report positive effects.

Saltwater Rinses

Rinsing the mouth with a saltwater solution can help reduce inflammation and promote healing of the gums. This method is simple and cost-effective and can be used as a complementary measure to professional treatment. Saltwater rinses have antiseptic properties and can effectively soothe inflammation in the mouth.

Using Special Toothpaste

There are special toothpastes designed to reduce the sensitivity of exposed tooth necks. These toothpastes contain ingredients like potassium nitrate, strontium chloride or crystalline hydroxyapatite, which help calm the nerves in the teeth and reduce sensitivity. These toothpastes are ideal for improving daily comfort and protecting sensitive tooth areas.

Prevention

Good Oral Hygiene

Regular brushing with a soft toothbrush and the correct technique, using dental floss or interdental brushes are essential for removing plaque and keeping gums healthy. Be sure not to apply too much pressure to avoid mechanical stress on the gums. Our dental hygienists are available to advise you on the optimal brushing technique and the best products for your dental health.

Regular Dental Visits

Regular visits to our dentists are crucial for early detection and treatment of dental issues. Professional cleanings should be done at least twice a year to remove tartar and stubborn deposits, helping to maintain overall oral health and prevent issues like gum recession and cavities. These regular visits are key to preserving your dental health and identifying potential problems early.

Healthy Lifestyle

A healthy lifestyle significantly contributes to dental health. A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals, along with avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, can help reduce the risk of gum problems. Our experts at Dental21 support you with tips and advice to improve your oral health and promote healthy habits.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can Exposed Tooth Necks Regenerate?

Exposed tooth necks cannot regenerate on their own since gum tissue, once receded, does not grow back. However, professional treatments and good oral hygiene can prevent further gum recession and support gum health. Our experts at Dental21 can help you find the best treatment methods for your specific needs.

Can Exposed Tooth Necks Be Sealed?

Yes, exposed tooth necks can be protected by special sealing substances applied by our dentists. These seals provide quick and effective protection against sensitivities and external stimuli and improve your daily comfort. Schedule an appointment at Dental21 to learn more about this treatment option.

Can Exposed Tooth Necks Be Filled?

In some cases, exposed tooth necks should be treated with fillings or reconstructions. These methods use special filling material to cover and protect the sensitive areas, providing both functional and aesthetic benefits. Our dentists at Dental21 can advise you on the best treatment options for you.

Conclusion

Exposed tooth necks are a common issue that can lead to significant discomfort and health problems if left untreated. At Dental21, experienced experts are available to help you maintain and improve your dental health with the latest treatment methods. Schedule your appointment today at one of our numerous clinics across Germany and receive comprehensive advice and treatment.

Visit Dental21 for more information and to book your next appointment.

All Categories

Aftercare & Preparation

(3)

Dental Implants

(5)

Teeth Whitening

(4)

Get the perfect smile

(11)

Root Canal Treatment

(7)

Child Prophylaxis

(4)

Professional Teeth Cleaning

(23)

Control and Consultation

(17)

(13)

(3)

(3)

(13)

(5)

(3)

(6)

Antibiotika - Ein Mittel der Wahl bei Zahnentzündungen

Zahnentzündungen sind ein häufiges Problem, das Menschen jeden Alters betreffen kann. Sie reichen von leichten Beschwerden bis hin zu schwerwiegenden Zuständen, die sofortige medizinische Aufmerksamkeit erfordern. Bei der Behandlung einer Zahnentzündung spielen Antibiotika oft eine wichtige Rolle, um bakterielle Infektionen effektiv zu bekämpfen. In diesem Artikel erfahren Sie alles über die effektivsten Methoden zur Bekämpfung einer Infektion im Mundbereich, insbesondere durch die Einnahme von Antibiotika. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf einer verständlichen Darstellung, die es Ihnen ermöglicht, schnell und umfassend Einblicke in dieses wichtige Thema zu gewinnen. Grundlagen von Zahnentzündungen Eine Zahnentzündung entsteht, wenn Bakterien Zugang zu den inneren Bereichen eines Zahnes oder zu den tieferen Schichten des umgebenden Gewebes erlangen. Oft entsteht dies durch Karies, Risse oder Lücken in der Zahnstruktur. Die Anatomie des Zahns ist komplex: Er besteht aus dem harten äußeren Schmelz, dem darunterliegenden Zahnbein (Dentin) und dem Zahnmark (Pulpa), das Nerven und Blutgefäße enthält. Bakterien, die in die Pulpa eindringen, können zu einer Infektion führen, die sich bis zur Wurzelspitze und darüber hinaus ausbreiten kann, was eine Zahnwurzelentzündung zur Folge hat. Symptome und Erkennung von Zahnentzündungen Die Symptome einer Zahnentzündung variieren, können aber folgende Anzeichen umfassen: Schmerzen, die von mild bis intensiv reichen und bei Kälte, Wärme oder Kauen verstärkt werden können. Schwellungen im Gesicht oder am Zahnfleisch, die auf eine Ausbreitung der Infektion hinweisen. Eine erhöhte Empfindlichkeit des betroffenen Zahns. Manchmal sind Fieber und ein allgemeines Gefühl von Unwohlsein Zeichen einer weitreichenden Infektion. Oftmals wird eine Zahnentzündung nicht sofort bemerkt, insbesondere wenn sie im Inneren des Zahns beginnt. Sobald die Symptome jedoch auftreten, ist es wichtig, diese ernst zu nehmen und einen Zahnarzt aufzusuchen. Frühzeitige Erkennung und Behandlung sind entscheidend, um eine Ausbreitung der Infektion zu verhindern und schwerwiegende gesundheitliche Probleme zu vermeiden. Ein Zahnarzt kann eine Zahnentzündung durch eine gründliche Untersuchung, Röntgenbilder und, falls notwendig, weitere diagnostische Tests identifizieren. Sobald die Diagnose gestellt ist, kann eine geeignete Behandlung eingeleitet werden, die auch den Einsatz von Antibiotika umfassen kann, um die bakterielle Infektion zu bekämpfen. Die Bedeutung einer zeitnahen Behandlung kann nicht genug betont werden, da eine unbehandelte Zahnentzündung zu einer Reihe von Komplikationen führen kann bis hin zur Ausbreitung der Infektion auf andere Teile des Körpers. Die Rolle von Antibiotika bei der Behandlung von Zahnentzündungen Antibiotika sind in der Zahnmedizin ein entscheidendes Werkzeug zur Bekämpfung von Zahnentzündungen, die durch bakterielle Infektionen verursacht werden. Sie wirken, indem sie die Bakterien abtöten oder ihr Wachstum hemmen, was dem Körper ermöglicht, die Infektion selbst effektiver zu bekämpfen. Die Auswahl der richtigen Antibiotika bei einer Zahnentzündung hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab, wie z.B. dem spezifischen Bakterienstamm, der Schwere der Infektion und der individuellen Gesundheitsgeschichte des Patienten. Amoxicillin und Clindamycin sind Beispiele für Antibiotika, die häufig zur Behandlung von Zahnentzündungen eingesetzt werden, da sie ein breites Spektrum an bakteriellen Infektionen im Mundraum abdecken. Wann sind Antibiotika notwendig? Nicht jede Zahnentzündung erfordert den Einsatz von Antibiotika. In vielen Fällen kann eine Wurzelkanalbehandlung oder das Entfernen des infizierten Zahns ausreichen, um die Infektion zu beseitigen. Antibiotika werden in der Regel verschrieben, wenn die Infektion über den Zahn hinausgeht und das umliegende Gewebe betrifft, bei Patienten mit einem erhöhten Risiko für eine Ausbreitung der Infektion oder wenn das Immunsystem geschwächt ist. Die Entscheidung über die Notwendigkeit von Antibiotika bei einer Zahnentzündung sollte immer von einem Zahnarzt getroffen werden, basierend auf einer gründlichen Untersuchung und Diagnose. Die Frage, welches Antibiotikum bei Zahnentzündung am besten geeignet ist, sollte immer von einem Zahnarzt nach sorgfältiger Untersuchung beantwortet werden. Mögliche Nebenwirkungen und Risiken Obwohl Antibiotika wirksame Mittel zur Bekämpfung von Infektionen sind, können sie, wie alle Medikamente generell, auch Nebenwirkungen hervorrufen. Die häufigsten Nebenwirkungen sind gastrointestinale Beschwerden, wie Übelkeit, Erbrechen und Durchfall. Allergische Reaktionen sind ebenfalls möglich und können von Hautausschlägen bis hin zu schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen reichen. Einige Antibiotika, insbesondere solche mit einem breiten Wirkungsspektrum, können auch die natürliche Bakterienflora im Mund und im Darm stören, was zu einer Überwucherung von schädlichen Bakterien führen kann. Ein besonderes Augenmerk sollte auf die langfristigen Risiken der Antibiotikaresistenz gelegt werden. Die unsachgemäße oder übermäßige Verwendung von Antibiotika kann dazu führen, dass Bakterien Resistenzen entwickeln, wodurch diese Medikamente in Zukunft weniger wirksam oder sogar unwirksam werden. Daher ist es wichtig, Antibiotika genau nach den Anweisungen des verschreibenden Arztes einzunehmen und den vollständigen Behandlungszyklus zu beenden, auch wenn sich die Symptome verbessern. Alternativen und ergänzende Behandlungen Während Antibiotika eine wichtige Rolle bei der Bekämpfung bakterieller Infektionen spielen, gibt es auch alternative und ergänzende Behandlungsmethoden, die zur Heilung von Zahnentzündungen beitragen können. Eine Wurzelkanalbehandlung ist eine effektive Methode, um die Infektion direkt im Zahn zu entfernen, indem das infizierte Zahnmark entfernt und der Zahn von innen gereinigt, desinfiziert und versiegelt wird. In einigen Fällen kann auch die Entfernung des betroffenen Zahnes erforderlich sein, um die Ausbreitung der Infektion zu verhindern. Zur Linderung der Symptome und zur Unterstützung der Heilung können zudem Maßnahmen wie das Spülen des Mundes mit Salzwasser oder die Anwendung von kühlen Kompressen auf die äußere Wangenpartie hilfreich sein. Schmerzmittel können vorübergehend Erleichterung von Schmerzen und Entzündungen bieten, bis eine spezifische Behandlung durchgeführt werden kann. Diese sollten aber ebenfalls nur auf Anweisung und Dosierung nach ärztlicher Verschreibung verwendet werden. Prävention und Nachsorge Die beste Strategie gegen Zahnentzündungen ist die Prävention. Eine gute Mundhygiene, einschließlich regelmäßigem Zähneputzen, der Verwendung von Zahnseide und regelmäßigen zahnärztlichen Untersuchungen, kann das Risiko einer Zahnentzündung erheblich reduzieren. Dazu zählen auch regelmäßig durchgeführte professionelle Zahnreinigungen und zahnärztliche Kontrollen, die besonders wichtig sind, um Probleme wie Karies oder Zahnfleischerkrankungen zu verhindern oder sie wenigstens frühzeitig zu erkennen, bevor sie zu schwerwiegenden Infektionen führen. Nach der Behandlung einer Zahnentzündung ist eine sorgfältige Nachsorge entscheidend, um sicherzustellen, dass die Infektion vollständig ausgeheilt ist und um zukünftige Probleme zu vermeiden. Ihr Zahnarzt kann spezifische Anweisungen zur Pflege des behandelten Bereichs geben und wird wahrscheinlich Folgeuntersuchungen empfehlen, um den Heilungsprozess zu überwachen. Zusammenfassung und Schlussfolgerung Zahnentzündungen können schmerzhaft und potenziell gefährlich sein, aber mit der richtigen Behandlung und Nachsorge ist eine vollständige Erholung gut möglich. Antibiotika spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Bekämpfung bakterieller Infektionen, sollten jedoch verantwortungsvoll und nur unter Anleitung eines Zahnarztes oder Arztes verwendet werden. Durch die Kombination von medizinischer Behandlung mit guter Mundhygiene und regelmäßigen zahnärztlichen Kontrollen, können Sie Ihre Zähne gesund halten und das Risiko zukünftiger Entzündungen minimieren. Letztendlich ist die Zusammenarbeit mit Ihrem Zahnarzt der Schlüssel zu einer effektiven Behandlung und Prävention von Zahnentzündungen. Indem Sie sich um Ihre Mundgesundheit kümmern und bei den ersten Anzeichen einer Entzündung professionelle Hilfe suchen, können Sie sicherstellen, dass Ihre Zähne stark und gesund bleiben. Vereinbaren Sie hier Ihren Termin!

Dental Cleaning During Pregnancy: Why It’s Especially Important Now!

Expecting a new life? First of all, congratulations! Naturally, you have a thousand things on your mind right now: What color should the nursery be? Which daycare is the best option? Or could it be twins? During this exciting time, a professional dental cleaning (PDC) is probably the last thing you're considering. However, neglecting this could be a significant mistake for both you and your baby, as you'll discover here. Dental Cleaning during Pregnancy Pregnancy brings numerous changes to the body. Hormonal adjustments are common but can cause the gums to swell noticeably, become more sensitive, and inflame more easily. Now, more than ever, there's a lot at stake: Untreated periodontitis can lead to various adverse effects on the pregnancy and, in severe cases, even premature birth. Thus, it's crucial to prevent this. Moreover, certain dental treatments are limited during these nine months since some medications are best avoided. X-rays and local anesthesia should also be minimized as much as possible. To be on the safe side, paying extra attention to oral hygiene is advisable: Professional dental cleanings are now more important than ever. How Does a Professional Dental Cleaning Work? The first step is scheduling an appointment, which at Dental21, can be done effortlessly online. You can also complete the digital medical history form from the comfort of your couch, office, or even on a tram ride. Before starting, the dentist assesses the current status of your teeth and creates a personalized treatment plan based on your needs. Various cleaning techniques are employed as required. Staining of Teeth: To check if all surfaces of the teeth are being cleaned properly at home, the teeth are stained. This visibility helps reinforce the importance of thorough cleaning and assists the dental professional in removing all plaque. Anesthesia: If the teeth or gums are too sensitive, gel anesthesia can provide relief. In extreme cases, local anesthesia may be considered. Removal of Plaque: With the help of an ultrasonic device (Piezon), the removal of hard and soft plaque begins. For hard-to-reach areas, all available tools are used (interdental brushes, superfloss, dental floss, etc.). Removal of Stains: Stubborn stains on the teeth are gently removed using a powder jet device (Airflow). Biofilm Removal: The biofilm, a bacterial layer on the tooth surface, contributes to the development of cavities and gum disease. This biofilm is removed using Airflow-Plus, including intensive cleaning of areas slightly below the gumline. Cleaning of Interdental Spaces: Most pathological processes occur in the interdental spaces, where cavities and gum diseases often start in adulthood due to limited access and infrequent cleaning. Professional dental cleaning pays special attention to these areas, and a bactericidal gel (CHX) is often applied after cleaning to further reduce bacterial levels. Polishing of Teeth: After thorough cleaning, the teeth are polished to not only make them shine but also to smooth any rough surfaces, minimizing potential attachment sites for bacteria. Special polishing pastes, brushes, and rubber cups are used for this purpose, and fillings may also be polished, and sharp edges smoothed. Don't Forget the Tongue: Numerous bacteria reside on the tongue, so it's also cleaned and treated with a gel to reduce bacterial levels. Fluoridation of Teeth: Fluorides play a crucial role in dentistry, strengthening teeth and helping to remineralize small cavities, preventing further progression. Few substances have been as extensively researched for their effectiveness as fluorides. In Conclusion: We also provide comprehensive education on nutrition, demonstrate home oral hygiene tools, explain brushing techniques, and much more. If necessary, we can prescribe special mouthwash solutions, perform a test to determine your risk of developing periodontitis (MMP8 test), or show you how to address hard-to-reach areas with dental treatments (Invisalign). The Ideal Timing For Professional Teeth Cleaning During Pregnancy It is recommended that expectant mothers have at least two professional dental cleanings during pregnancy. However, the ideal time for the first dental cleaning is not in the 1st trimester, but in the 2nd trimester, i.e. between the 14th and 26th week of pregnancy. According to DG Paro, elective dental procedures, including professional teeth cleaning, are not recommended in the 1st trimester. The reason for this is the potential risk of bacteremia, which should be avoided during this sensitive phase of pregnancy. The second dental cleaning can then take place between the 25th and 35th week of pregnancy. In the 3rd trimester, many women often find visits to the dentist less pleasant, which is why appointments tend to be avoided at this time. Professional dental cleanings are not only considered safe, but even beneficial for an optimal course of pregnancy. Women planning a pregnancy are also advised to ensure thorough oral hygiene before conception and to have any periodontitis treated. This creates the best conditions for your dental health and allows you to concentrate fully on what really matters during pregnancy: Your baby. Key Points at a Glance Oral hygiene can impact the course of pregnancy: The link between periodontitis and premature births is well-documented. Many dental treatments are advised against during pregnancy, such as anesthesia or exposure to X-rays, to avoid potential risks. Professional dental cleanings are safe and highly recommended during pregnancy to ensure a healthy outcome. Ideally, expectant mothers should undergo two dental cleanings during the first two-thirds of their pregnancy. Time for a Professional Teeth Cleaning? At Dental21 clinics, you benefit from treatment using state-of-the-art technology. You can find us at over 50 locations throughout Germany. Book your professional teeth cleaning now!

From Prevention to Treatment: Everything You Need to Know About Pus on the Gums

Pus on the gums is a common problem that affects many people and can, if left untreated, lead to oral and general health issues. This condition, medically known as oral abscess, occurs when pus accumulates in the gum tissue in response to a bacterial infection. It's important to understand that pus on the gums is more than just a cosmetic issue. It can be a sign of underlying conditions and requires appropriate treatment. Causes of Pus on the Gums The formation of pus on the gums can have various causes. A common cause is the buildup of plaque, a bacterial film on teeth and gums. These bacteria produce acids that attack the tooth enamel and release substances that irritate the gums, leading to redness, sensitivity, inflammation, and pus formation. The mouth harbors approximately 100 billion bacteria and germs from about 700 species. Many of these are beneficial and vital for survival, while others are not. An imbalance can have a negative impact on the immune system and overall health. Another common cause is periodontitis, a chronic inflammation of the gums and surrounding tissues. A chronic inflammation of the gums leads to the formation of gum pockets filled with bacteria and pus, ultimately resulting in bone loss and tooth loss. Treating these situations involves professional cleaning of the affected areas and possibly additional dental measures to prevent the spread of infection and restore and promote dental and oral health in the long term. Symptoms and Signs of Pus on the Gum In addition to the visible accumulation of pus on the gums in the form of a blister, other symptoms may indicate a problem: Pain and sensitivity: Affected individuals often report pain in the affected area, especially when chewing. Swelling and redness: The affected gums can be swollen, red, and warm. Unpleasant taste and bad breath: An infection in the mouth can lead to a bad taste and noticeable bad breath caused by the breakdown of proteins from food by mainly anaerobic bacteria, which can particularly be found in the areas of deep gum pockets. As a result, there are increasingly severe signs of inflammation and pus formation. General discomfort: In some cases, there may be fever and general malaise. Treatment Methods for Pus on the Gums The treatment of pus on the gums depends on the cause and severity of the infection. Here are some common treatment methods: Dental Cleaning: Professional cleaning removes plaque and tartar, helping to reduce infection and decrease the risk of future pus formation. Medication: The dentist may prescribe antibiotics to fight bacterial infection. In some cases, the dentist will use of antibacterial gels or ointments to apply locally. Surgical interventions: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to drain the pus and treat the infected tissue. Root canal treatment: If an infected tooth root is the reason for an abscess, root canal treatment is necessary if the tooth is still salvageable. If necessary, the dentist may need to extract the affected tooth. Never attempt to puncture a gum abscess at home, as this can lead to a further spread of infection. It is important to promptly consult a dentist at the first signs of pus on the gums to receive appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Even in the case of pus on the gums without painful symptoms, it is essential to seek dental treatment. Lack of pain is not an indication that everything is fine or that no therapy is needed. Preventive Measures Against Pus on the Gums Prevention is the key to avoiding pus on the gums. Here are some effective strategies: Good oral hygiene: Regular brushing and flossing are crucial to remove plaque and bacteria. Regular dental check-ups: These allow for early detection and treatment of problems before they become serious. Balanced diet: A healthy, low-sugar diet supports overall oral health. Avoidance of risk factors: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of gum problems and should be avoided. When Should You See a Dentist? It is significant to visit a dentist at the first signs of pus on the gums. These include pain, swelling, redness, or the appearance of pus. Early treatment can help prevent serious complications. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Question 1: Can pus on the gums be safely treated at home? While mild discomfort may be relieved with home remedies such as saltwater rinses, it is necessary to consult a dentist at the first signs of pus on the gums. Self-treatment can worsen the problem or lead to complications. Question 2: How long does it take pus on the gums to heal? The healing time depends on the severity of the infection and the treatment. Improvement usually begins a few days after starting treatment. However, it may take several weeks for the condition to heal completely. Question 3: Can pus on the Gums lead to other health problems? Yes, untreated pus on the gums can spread and lead to serious infections, including the risk of sepsis. Therefore, early treatment is crucial. Question 4: Are specific individuals more susceptible to developing pus on the gums? Yes, people with weakened immune systems, smokers, diabetics, and those with poor oral hygiene are more susceptible to gum inflammation and pus formation. Question 5: How can I reduce the risk of developing pus on the gums? Good oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, a healthy diet, and avoiding risk factors such as smoking are effective ways to minimize the risk. Question 6: What are the first signs of pus on the gums? The first signs may include swelling, pain, redness in the gum area, and sometimes an unpleasant taste in the mouth. Question 7: Are there preventive measures for pus on the gums? Yes, regular oral hygiene, a low-sugar diet, not smoking, and regular dental check-ups are vital preventive measures. Question 8: What should I do if the pus blister on the gums has burst? If a pus blister on the gums has burst, you should promptly see a dentist. Until the appointment, it is essential to keep the mouth clean. Rinse gently with a mild saltwater solution to clean the affected area. Avoid pressing or rubbing the area. Do not self-medicate unless a dentist has given you specific instructions. The dentist will take the necessary steps to treat the infection and prevent further complications. Summary Pus on the gums is a major dental problem that can be effectively treated if detected early. The importance of good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups cannot be overstated. These measures, along with a healthy lifestyle, help to minimize the risk of pus on the gums and other dental problems. Schedule your appointment here!

Get started with Dental21 today!

Book an appointment now

Locations Treatments Careers Practice Sale About us Equipment Magazine

Privacy Imprint Magazine

Privacy settings